Refractory heat insulating sleeve

ABSTRACT

Sleeves for thermally insulating the molten head metal in casting risers and ingot moulds are described in which the sleeve is formed incompletely, and has a gap running from top to bottom thereof. The sleeve may thus be sprung into place by closing the gap, inserting the sleeve and releasing it, so that it holds itself in position.

United States Patent 4 Inventor Mari Fella-d1. 3.262.669 7/1966 Hostner 249/191 M i, Italy 3,394,913 7/1968 Binkley 249/201 [21] Appl-No- 6 ,386 1,117,181 11/1914 Gathmann 249I197X [22] Filed v Ill. 12,1968 2,027,638 1/1936 Forsberg et a1. 287/108 P31901611 l- 3 1971 2,652,270 9/1953 Jones 287/110 X [73] Assignee Foeeeo International Limited 3,362,677 1/1968 Folberth 249/202 lirlthghnl, England 3,405,028 10/ 1968 Nouveau 249/201 X FOREIGN PATENTS is" EFRACTORY H INSULATING SLEEVE 233.921 5/ 1961 Australia 249/106 10 Chins. 5 Drunk; Figs. Primary Examiner-.1. Spencer Overhoiser 249 Assistant Examiner-John E. Roethel U-s. n 'Arrorney wolfe' Hubbard. and OM" 1511 Int. 8226 7/10 d M 97' Sleeves fo inuIafin the molten he -202, 106; 29/453; 287/1 10. 10 metal in casting risers and ingot moulds are described in which the sleeve is formed incompletely. and has a gap running from [56] 's I top to bottom thereof. The sleeve may thus be sprung into UNITED STATES PATENTS place by closing the gap. inserting the sleeve and releasing it. 2,261,289 1 171941 Rowe 249/200 X so that it holds itself in position. 1

Patented Aug. 3, 1971 FIG. 5

This invention relates to refractory heat-insulating sleeves used for lining the heads of ingot moulds, hot-tops, casting risers and the like.

It is common practice to use such sleeves for the purpose indicated. The sleeves are manufactured in such dimensions that they fit into the cavity which is to be lined, i.e. the outer diametrical dimensions of the sleeve are coincident with the inner diametrical dimensions of the cavity to be lined. The sleeves are commonly held in place, e.g. against accidental dislodgement and, more importantly, against movement under metallostatic pressure when the mould, hot-top or riser is filled with molten metal, by means of wedges, straps or suspension rods. These methods are time consuming in the setting up of the mould and of course have the disadvantage of requiring the additional apparatus indicated in order to fix the sleeves in position.

In a substantial proportion of the cases actually met with in practice the cross section of the head of the ingot mould, of the hot-top or of the riser or the like will be circular or polygonal having 5 or more sides, e.g. 6, 8 or 12 sides. It is an object of the present invention to provide a new form of lining sleeve and a new method of lining such cavities of circular or polygonal cross section as described by the use thereofv It is of particular value where the cavity to be lined is cylindrical but may also be used where the cavity is tapered, i.e. the cavity is of wide-end-up or wide-end-down small angle conicity.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an open-ended hollow cylindrical sleeve.

HO. 2 is a semicross-sectional, perspective view of an open ended hollow cylindrical sleeve compressed and positioned in a mould.

FlG. 3 is a semicross-sectional, perspective view of an open ended cylindrical sleeve held in place by an arcuate steel strip spring located within the sleeve.

According to the present invention there is provided a new form of heat-insulating refractory sleeve which consists of an open-ended hollow cylinder, prism or open-ended hollow small-angle frustrocone of a composition comprising heat-insulating refractory material, the wall of the cylinder, prism or frustrocone being incomplete so that there is a gap between cooperating edges of the wall extending from one end of the cylinder, prism, or frustrocone to the other. The sleeve preferably has sufficient resilience that it may be compressed to bring together the said edges, thereby to complete the wall and when so compressed will not break, and will tend to return to its former condition and thus hold itself firmly in place in the mould. ln sleeves made of materials of insufficient resilience, spring means may be provided in, or in cooperation with, the sleeve to hold the sleeve more firmly in the mould.

According to a further feature of the present invention a method for lining the head of an ingot mould, a hot-top, riser or the like, where the cross section of the cavity to be lined is circular, or polygonal and the cavity is of cylindrical or polygonal shape or of the shape of a smallangled frustrocone, comprises locating in the cavity a heat insulating refractory sleeve as just defined by compressing the sleeve to reduce its diameter so that it may enter the cavity, and releasing the sleeve so that by the pressure it exerts on the walls of the cavity in endeavoring to regain its shape it assists to secure itself in its location.

Such a sleeve is conveniently manufactured by making a normal whole sleeve and removing a thin sector from top to bottom thereof. in use such a sleeve is sprung into the mould, riser or the like and generally holds itself in place due to its own elasticity. As indicated above, if necessary, a peripheral spring may be provided in the sleeve or to act in cooperation with the sleeve to enhance the springing action, and secure th sleeve yet more firmly in the mould or riser.

It is not necessary to manufacture the sleeves of the present invention by removing a portion of a complete sleeve, but such a method is generally more economic than fabricating a sleeve shaped according to the present invention, using the techniques known per se for fabricating articles of such material. For ease of manufacture, the gap in the sleeve is preferably substantially parallel to the axis of the sleeve, though a straight or curved gap formed at an angle to the axis may also be employed.

In order to illustrate this invention FIG. 1 is provided to show an open-ended hollow cylindrical sleeve 10 having a gap 11 between cooperating edges 12 of a wall 14 extending from one end of the sleeve to the other.

FIG. 2 illustrates the positioning of the sleeve 10 intoa mould 15. This positioning is accomplished by compressing the sleeve 10 to bring the edges 12 together, placing the compressed sleeve 10 in the mould l5 and releasing the compressive force so the sleeve 10 will tend to return to its former uncompressed condition and thus hold itself firmly in place in the mould.

In sleeves made of materials of insufficient resilience, spring means 6 as shown in FIG. 3 may be provided in cooperation with the sleeve 10 such as to more firmly hold the sleeve 10 in the mould 15.

In order to illustrate another embodiment of this invention FIG. 4 is provided to show the positioning of an open-ended small-angle, frustrocone sleeve 17 with a lengthwise gap 18 in a small angle, frustrocone mould 19. Similarly, FIG. 5 shows a prismatic sleeve 20 having a hexagonal cross section with a lengthwise gap 21 coinciding with the vertical centerline of the side 22 in a mould 24 having a hexagonal cross section.

Any of the heat insulating materials known per se for use in lining ingot moulds, riser sleeves or the like may be used in the practice of the present invention providing they do not fracture too easily. Some of the materials may, of themselves, pos sess insufiicient elasticity, but this may be remedied either by an insertion of a peripheral spring in the sleeve as above described, or by the incorporation into the sleeve during fabrication or after fettling of one or more arcuate springs, lying in planes perpendicular to the axis of the sleeve. Alternatively, a spring can be provided which in use acts in cooperation with the sleeve as described below.

Heat insulating refractory compositions which are based on mixtures comprising fibrous organic material such as paper pulp, granular refractory material e.g. sand and binder therefor e.g. a resin binder, and such compositions containing a proportion of fibrous refractory material e.g. asbestos or slag wool, generally have the desired resilience and elasticity to make them eminently suitable for use in the process of the present invention. Such compositions are described for example in British Pat. Nos. 888,857 and 960,474.

Sleeves of particular value in the practice of the present invention owing to their high strength and resilience are described in British Pat. No. 1,2 17,490, this patent describes, inter alia, a duplex sleeve comprising an inner layer of a heat insulating refractory material as above described, and an outer layer of inorganic fibrous material (preferably calcium aluminosilicate fibers) and a binder therefor. This outer layer imparts great strength and resilience to the final sleeve.

l claim:

1. A refractory, heat insulating liner in combination with an ingot mould, hot-top or casting riser, having a cavity lined by said liner, said liner comprising a resilient unitary, one-piece sleeve having a single lengthwise split therethrough for holding the liner in engagement with the cavity and wherein said liner is made of a composition comprising fibrous organic material, a granular refractory material and a binder therefor.

2. The combination of claim 1 wherein the sleeve is cylindrical when unstressed.

3. The combination of claim 1 wherein the gap in the sleeve is substantially parallel to the axis of the sleeve.

4. The combination of claim 1 wherein the sleeve contains at least one peripheral spring to enhance its resilience.

completely ganic fibrous material is bonded calcium aluminosilicate fibers.

8. The combination of claim 1 wherein the sleeve is in the shape of an open-ended hollow cylinder.

9. The combination of claim 1 wherein the sleeve is in the shape of a prism.

10. The combination of claim 1 wherein the sleeve is in the shape of an open-ended small-angle frustocone. 

1. A refractory, heat insulating liner in combination with an ingot mould, hot-top or casting riser, having a cavity lined by said liner, said liner comprising a resilient unitary, one-piece sleeve having a single lengthwise split completely therethrough for holding the liner in engagement with the cavity and wherein said liner is made of a composition comprising fibrous organic material, a granular refractory material and a binder therefor.
 2. The combination of claim 1 wherein the sleeve is cylindrical when unstressed.
 3. The combination of claim 1 wherein the gap in the sleeve is substantially parallel to the axis of the sleeve.
 4. The combination of claim 1 wherein the sleeve contains at least one peripheral spring to enhance its resilience.
 5. The combination of claim 1 wherein the sleeve is made of a composition comprising fibrous organic material, granular refractory material, a binder therefor and optionally containing fibrous refractory material.
 6. The combination of claim 1 wherein the sleeve consists of an inner layer of the defined composition and optionally containing fibrous refractory material, and an outer layer of bonded inorganic fibrous material.
 7. The combination of claim 6 wherein the bonded inorganic fibrous material is bonded calcium aluminosilicate fibers.
 8. The combination of claim 1 wherein the sleeve is in the shape of an open-ended hollow cylinder.
 9. The combination of claim 1 wherein the sleeve is in the shape of a prism.
 10. The combination of claim 1 wherein the sleeve is in the shape of an open-ended small-angle frustocone. 